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The Saohei Campaign, Protection Umbrellas, and China’s Changing Political-Legal Apparatus
In January 2018 China began a three-year campaign, known as the saohei campaign, to crack down on “underworld forces.” A key emphasis of...
Sheena Chestnut Greitens
Sep 1, 202020 min read


China’s Social Credit System: Genesis, Framework, and Key Provisions
The Chinese government launched an ambitious program to build a social credit system in 2014. During the last six years, the State...
Minxin Pei
Mar 1, 202020 min read
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